5SHY4045L0006 ABB 什么是可控硅

一、什么是晶闸管?

5SHY4045L0006 晶闸管是一种由硅制成的单向半导体器件,基本上晶闸管(SCR)是一种三端子四层半导体器件,由交替的P型和N型材料组成。

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产品细节:5SHY4045L0006 ABB 什么是可控硅

一、什么是晶闸管?

5SHY4045L0006 晶闸管是一种由硅制成的单向半导体器件,基本上晶闸管(SCR)是一种三端子四层半导体器件,由交替的P型和N型材料组成。

晶闸管具有三个pn结J 1、J 2和J 3,下图显示了具有 pnpn 层的 晶闸管。晶闸管具有端子 阳极(A)、阴极(K) 和 栅极G),栅极端子 (G) 连接到靠近阴极 (K) 端子的 p 层。

二、晶闸管就像两个晶体管

5SHY4045L0006 晶体管四层像两个晶体管一样工作,它们连接在一起(如下图所示),一个的输出形成另一个的输入,门作为一种“启动马达”来激活它们。

单个晶闸管(SCR)是一个 pnp 晶体管 (Q 1 ) 和一个npn 晶体管(Q 2 ) 的组合。这里,Q1的发射极作为 SCR 的阳极端子,而 Q2的发射极是它的阴极。另外,Q1的基极与Q2 的集电极连接,Q1 的集电极与Q 的基极连接,晶闸管的栅极端子也连接到Q2的基极。

三、晶闸管的三种状态

5SHY4045L0006 那么晶闸管是如何工作的呢?我们可以将它置于三种可能的状态,在这三种状态下,它要么完全关闭,要么完全开启,这意味着它本质上是一个二进制数字设备。

1、晶闸管前向阻塞模式

通常,在没有电流流入栅极的情况下,晶闸管被关断:没有电流可以从阳极流向阴极。

5SHY4045L0006 这里可以将晶闸管想象成两个连接在一起的二极管,上二极管和下二极管都是正向偏置的。但是,这意味着中心的结是反向偏置的,因此电流无法从顶部一直流到底部。这种状态称为前向阻塞。虽然它类似于传统二极管中的正向偏置,但没有电流流动。

5SHY4045L0006 在这里,通过将正极端子 (A) 连接到电池的正极,将负极端子 (K) 连接到电池的负极,向 晶闸管 施加正偏压,如下图所示。在这种情况下,结 J 1和 J 3得到正向偏置,而结 J 2得到反向偏置。

在这里,除了作为饱和电流流动的微小电流外,电流也不能通过晶闸管,如下面特性曲线中的蓝色曲线所示。

2、晶闸管反向阻塞模式

现在假设我们反转阳极/阴极连接,可能会看到上下二极管都是反向偏置的,因此仍然没有电流流过晶闸管。这称为反向阻断(类似于简单二极管中的反向偏置)。

在此模式下,通过将晶闸管的阳极端子 (A) 连接到电池的负极,将阴极端子 (K) 连接到电池的正极,从而使晶闸管反向偏置 ,这导致结J 1和J 3的反向偏置,然后反过来又禁止电流流过晶闸管,尽管结J 2保持在正向偏置状态。在这种状态下,可控硅表现为典型的二极管。

在这种反向偏置条件下,只有反向饱和电流流过器件,如反向偏置二极管的情况,在特性曲线中用蓝线表示。该晶闸管还表现出超出反向安全电压限制的反向击穿现象,就像二极管一样。

5SHY4045L0006 3BHB030310R0001 3BHE039203R0101 GVC736CE101

What is a thyristor?

The 5SHY4045L0006 thyristor is a unidirectional semiconductor device made of silicon, basically a thyristor (SCR) is a three-terminal, four-layer semiconductor device consisting of alternating P-type and N-type materials.

The thyristor has three pn junctions J1, J2 and J3, and the figure below shows a thyristor with a pnpn layer. The thyristor has A terminal anode (A), a cathode (K), and a gate G), and the gate terminal (G) is connected to a p layer near the cathode (K) terminal.

Second, a thyristor is like two transistors

The 5SHY4045L0006 transistor four layers work like two transistors, they are connected together (as shown below), the output of one forms the input of the other, and the gate acts as a kind of “starter motor” to activate them.

A single thyristor (SCR) is a combination of a pnp transistor (Q1) and an npn transistor (Q2). Here, Q1’s emitter acts as the anode terminal of the SCR, while Q2’s emitter acts as its cathode. In addition, the base of Q1 is connected to the collector of Q2, the collector of Q1 is connected to the base of Q, and the gate terminal of the thyristor is also connected to the base of Q2.

Three, three states of the thyristor

5SHY4045L0006 So how do thyristors work? We can put it in three possible states, in which it is either completely off or fully on, meaning that it is essentially a binary digital device.

1. Thyristor forward blocking mode

Normally, the thyristor is turned off in the absence of current flowing into the gate: no current can flow from the anode to the cathode.

5SHY4045L0006 Here you can think of the thyristor as two diodes connected together, with both the upper and lower diodes being forward-biased. However, this means that the junction at the center is reverse-biased, so the current cannot flow from the top all the way to the bottom. This state is called forward blocking. Although it is similar to the forward bias in conventional diodes, no current flows.

5SHY4045L0006 Here, positive bias is applied to the thyristor by connecting the positive terminal (A) to the positive terminal of the battery and the negative terminal (K) to the negative terminal of the battery, as shown below. In this case, the junctions J1 and J3 get a forward bias, while the junctions J2 get a reverse bias.

Here, except for the tiny currents that flow as saturated currents, the current also cannot pass through the thyristor, as shown by the blue curve in the characteristic curve below.

2, thyristor reverse blocking mode

Now suppose we reverse the anode/cathode connection, we might see that both the upper and lower diodes are reverse-biased, so there is still no current flowing through the thyristor. This is called reverse blocking (similar to reverse bias in simple diodes).

In this mode, the thyristor is reversely biased by connecting the anode terminal (A) of the thyristor to the negative terminal of the battery and the cathode terminal (K) to the positive terminal of the battery, which causes the reverse bias of the junction J1 and J3, which in turn prohibits current from flowing through the thyristor, although the junction J2 remains in the forward bias state. In this state, the thyristor behaves like a typical diode.

In this reverse bias condition, only the reverse saturation current flows through the device, as in the case of the reverse bias diode, which is represented by the blue line on the characteristic curve. The thyristor also exhibits reverse breakdown beyond the reverse safety voltage limit, just like a diode.

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