The servo motor can control the speed, position accuracy is very accurate, can convert the voltage signal into torque and speed to drive the control object. Servo motor rotor speed is controlled by input signal, and can respond quickly. In automatic control system, it is used as an executive component, and has the characteristics of small electromechanical time constant and high linearity. It can convert the electrical signal received into the angular displacement or angular velocity output on the motor shaft. It is divided into DC and AC servo motors, whose main characteristics are that when the signal voltage is zero, there is no rotation phenomenon, and the speed drops uniformly with the increase of torque.
1. servo mechanism is an automatic control system that makes the output controlled quantity such as position, orientation and state of an object follow arbitrary changes of the input target (or given value). Servo positioning mainly depends on pulse, basically can be understood in this way, when the servo motor receives a pulse, it will rotate the Angle corresponding to a pulse, so as to achieve displacement, because the servo motor itself has the function of sending pulses, so each rotation Angle of the servo motor will send out a corresponding number of pulses, which echoes the pulse received by the servo motor. Or closed loop, so that the system will know how many pulses are sent to the servo motor, and how many pulses are received back, so that it can be very precise control of the motor rotation, so as to achieve accurate positioning, up to 0.001mm. Dc servo motors are divided into brushless and brushless motors. Brush motor has the advantages of low cost, simple structure, large starting torque, wide speed regulating range, easy control, need maintenance, but not convenient maintenance (carbon brush), electromagnetic interference and environmental requirements. Therefore, it can be used in cost sensitive common industrial and civil situations.
Brushless motor is small in size, light in weight, large in output, fast in response, high in speed, small in inertia, smooth in rotation and stable in torque. Complex control, easy to realize intelligent, its electronic commutation mode is flexible, can be square wave commutation or sine wave commutation. Motor maintenance-free, high efficiency, low operating temperature, little electromagnetic radiation, long life, can be used in a variety of environments.
2. Ac servo motor is also brushless motor, which is divided into synchronous and asynchronous motors. Synchronous motors are generally used in motion control, which has a large power range and can achieve great power. Large inertia, low maximum rotational speed, and decreases rapidly with the increase of power. Thus suitable for low speed and smooth operation applications.
3. The rotor inside the servo motor is a permanent magnet, and the U/V/W three-phase electricity controlled by the driver forms an electromagnetic field. The rotor rotates under the action of the magnetic field, and the encoder of the motor feeds back signals to the driver. The precision of the servo motor is determined by the precision of the encoder (number of lines).